英语学习第二十三课 - 谈谈复合句中的地点、让步和比较状语从句
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 是指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 我们将逐个讲解,本周将谈谈状语从句中的地点、让步和比较状语从句。
一、 地点状语从句(adverbial clauses of manner)
定义:表示地点、 方位, 通常由where引导。
引导连词:引导地点状语从句的连词有where(在..地方),wherever(无论哪里,在任何地方),everywhere(每一...地方,到处),anywhere(任何地方),where总是放在主句后,绝不提前。
用法:
1)where 在地点状语从句中,除指地点外,还可指处境等。例句:He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
2)有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。例句:Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空,必要的地方可以改变其形式
3)地点状语从句一般置于主句之后。例句:Keep it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。
4)where一般表示一个确定的但非特指的地点。例句:The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 教堂建在曾一度是罗马神庙的地方。
5)区别:where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。
例句:Go back where you came from.你从何处来到何处去。(where引导地点状语从句)
Go back to the palce where you came from.回到你来的那个村子里去。(where引导定语从句,修饰place)
圣经中的例子:
To be sure, sin was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not charged against anyone’s account where there is no law. 没有律法之先,罪已经在世上。但没有律法,罪也不算罪。(罗马书5:13)
Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away.爱是永不止息。先知讲道之能,终必归于无有。说方言之能,终必停止,知识也终必归于无有。(哥林多前书13:8)
Perhaps I will stay with you for a while, or even spend the winter, so that you can help me on my journey, wherever I go.或者和你们同住几时,或者也过冬。无论我往哪里去,你们就可以给我送行。(哥林多前书16:6)
Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.主就是那灵。主的灵在哪里,哪里就得以自由。(哥林多后书3:17)
Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God. 所以你们若真与基督一同复活,就当求在上面的事。那里有基督坐在神的右边。(歌萝西书3:1)
二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句:引出不太充分的条件或较差的状态,指条件退让一步,表示"虽然,尽管,即使"等概念。
引导让步状语从句的连词:主要有:though,although,while,as,even if,even though,whether...or...,(由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。)no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句,despite,in spite of。
切记although,though 不可与but连用,但可以与still和yet连用。学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用;其次,要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。
圣经中的例子:
Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person someone might possibly dare to die.为义人死,是少有的,为仁人死,或者有敢作的。(罗马书5:7)
But thanks be to God that, though you used to be slaves to sin, you have come to obey from your heart the pattern of teaching that has now claimed your allegiance.感谢神,因为你们从前虽然作罪的奴仆,现今却从心里顺服了所传给你们道理的模范。(罗马书6:17)
For no matter how many promises God has made, they are “Yes” in Christ. And so through him the “Amen” is spoken by us to the glory of God.神的应许,不论有多少,在基督都是是的,所以借着他也都是实在的,叫神因我们得荣耀。(哥林多后书1:20)
But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse!但无论是我们,是天上来的使者,若传福音给你们,与我们所传给你们的不同,他就应当被咒诅。(加拉太书1:8)
and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 你们为我身体的缘故受试炼,没有轻看我,也没有厌弃我。反倒接待我,如同神的使者,如同基督耶稣。(加拉太书4:14)
Although I am less than the least of all the Lord’s people, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the boundless riches of Christ,我本来比众圣徒中最小的还小。然而他还赐我这恩典,叫我把基督那测不透的丰富,传给外邦人。(以弗所书3:8)
Because you know that the Lord will reward each one for whatever good they do, whether they are slave or free.因为晓得各人所行的善事,不论是为奴的,是自主的,都必按所行的得主的赏赐。(以弗所书6:8)
三、比较状语从句
比较状语从句是状语从句其中一种,主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中,通常由as或than引起,这类从句和大多数状语从句不同,它们不修饰动词,而是修饰as,so,less,more等副词,或其他比较级的词。原级:as…as(和……一样),not so(as)…as …(和不一样);比较级:more…than(更);最高级:The most…in/of, the + 形容词+est…of/in。比较状语从句从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,它通常可和以下关联词来引导as(或so)...as,than,according as,in proportion as等。
圣经中的例子:
比较状语
Although I am less than the least of all the Lord’s people, this grace was given me: to preach to the Gentiles the boundless riches of Christ,我本来比众圣徒中最小的还小。然而他还赐我这恩典,叫我把基督那测不透的丰富,传给外邦人。(以弗所书3:8)
and his incomparably great power for us who believe. That power is the same as the mighty strength并知道他向我们这信的人所显的能力,是何等浩大,(以弗所书1:19)
Be very careful, then, how you live—not as unwise but as wise, making the most of every opportunity, because the days are evil. 你们要谨慎行事,不要像愚昧人,当像智慧人。要爱惜光阴,因为现今的世代邪恶。(以弗所书5:15)
比较状语从句
Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work within us,神能照着运行在我们心里的大力,充充足足的成就一切超过我们所求所想的。(以弗所书3:20)
Be kind and compassionate to one another, forgiving each other, just as in Christ God forgave you.并要以恩慈相待,存怜悯的心,彼此饶恕,正如神在基督里饶恕了你们一样。(以弗所书4:32)
Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord.你们作妻子的,当顺服自己的丈夫,如同顺服主。(以弗所书5:22)
参考:
英语状语从句:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5
地点状语从句:https://www.hjenglish.com/juxing/ddzycj/