英语学习第二十课 - 谈谈复合句中的目的和结果状语从句
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 是指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 我们将逐个讲解,本周将谈谈状语从句中的目的和结果状语从句。
1. 目的状语从句(Objective adverbial clauses)定义:指从句部分用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。目的状语从句通常表述的是尚未发生的事情,是主观意念想要实现的愿望。
如:He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.他假装病了以便能待在家里。
目的状语从句常用引导词:
that,in order that(为了), so that(因而), in case(以防万一), for fear(以防万一),lest(唯恐)等.
引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that,即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。
目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情态动词。
由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态。
圣经中的例子:
We put no stumbling block in anyone’s path, so that our ministry will not be discredited.为了避免有人毁谤我们的职分,我们凡事尽量不妨碍别人。(林后6:3)
For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you through his poverty might become rich. 因为你们知道我们主耶稣基督的恩典,祂本来富足,却为你们的缘故变得贫穷,使你们借着祂的贫穷可以变得富足。(2 Corinth 8:9)
Now finish the work, so that your eager willingness to do it may be matched by your completion of it, according to your means.你们现在要把它完成。你们既有恳切愿意的心,就要有始有终。(2 Corinth 8:11)
At the present time your plenty will supply what they need, so that in turn their plenty will supply what you need.The goal is equality, 现在你们这些富足的人可以帮补那些有需要的人,以便你们有需要的时候,那些富足的人也可以帮补你们,这样才均平。(2 Corinth 8:14)
Therefore show these men the proof of your love and the reason for our pride in you, so that the churches can see it.所以,你们要在众教会面前向他们证明你们的爱心,以及我夸耀你们的话并非虚言。(2 Corinth 8:24)
And God is able to bless you abundantly, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every good work.上帝能够将各样的恩典多多赐给你们,使你们在各方面常常富足有余,可以多行各样的善事。(2 Corinth9:8)
You will be enriched in every way so that you can be generous on every occasion, and through us your generosity will result in thanksgiving to God.叫你们事事丰裕,可以多多施舍。这样,从我们这里得到你们帮助的人便会向上帝献上感恩。(2 Corinth9:11)
Our hope is that, as your faith continues to grow, our sphere of activity among you will greatly expand, so that we can preach the gospel in the regions beyond you.只盼望随着你们信心的增长,我们的范围也得到极大的扩展, 使我们可以把福音传到你们以外的地方,而不是在别人的工作范围内拿别人的成就夸口。(2 Corinth 10:15-16)
But I am sending the brothers in order that our boasting about you in this matter should not prove hollow, but that you may be ready, as I said you would be.现在我先派这几位弟兄到你们那里,以便你们把捐款预备好,正如我所说的那样,免得我们在这件事上夸耀你们的话成了虚言。(2 Corinth 9:3)
2.结果状语从句(result adverbial clauses): 表示结果的状语从句,表达的是已发生的客观现实。常由so… that或such…that引导
结果状语从句其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。
目的状语从句常常使用can,may,will,could, might, would, should等情态动词。结果状语从句则用陈述语气来表达,从句中通常没有情态动词。
eg. I always read so carefully that I can make everyone understand me. 我总是小心翼翼地读书,这样大家就都能懂了。(目的状语从句)
I always read so carefully that I make everyone understand me. 我总是小心翼翼地读书,结果大家全都理解了我讲的话。(结果状语从句)
圣经中的例子:
He told us about your longing for me, your deep sorrow, your ardent concern for me, so that my joy was greater than ever.他把你们对我的想念、对我的热心以及你们的哀痛都告诉了我,这使我更加欢喜。(2 Corinth 林后7:7)(结果状语从句)
I do not say this to condemn you; I have said before that you have such a place in our hearts that we would live or die with you.我这样说,并不是要定你们的罪,因为我曾经说过,我们心里常惦记你们,甚至愿意和你们生死与共。 (2 Corinth 林后7:3)
参考:
英语状语从句:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5
结果状语从句:https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5
语法辨析:目的状语从句与结果状语从句: https://www.hjenglish.com/new/p1208726/