英语学习第十二课 -谈谈英语的疑问句
英语疑问句指的是问问题,然后请对方回答,按结构分,可以分成五种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句,礼貌性的间接疑问句,结尾通常要加问号(?)。 基本结构如下:助动词(auxiliary verb)+主语(subject)+主要动词(main verb)
一、一般疑问句(General or Yes/No Questions)
一般疑问句(general questions) ,也看称为“YES/NO” questions(是否型疑问句)。基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他)。句子要读升调。否定句的形式:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+NOT+谓语/表语+(其他)。如果句子里既没有助动词,也没有系动词,改写方式就会跟上面有所不同。我们需要在疑问句的句首加上 do 或者 does,并且要注意相应地调整时态和形式。例如,如果是过去时的话,句首就要用 did。
例如:Then they gathered around him and asked him, “Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?” 他们跟耶稣在一起的时候问祂:“主啊,你要在这时候复兴以色列国吗?”【徒1:6】
King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? I know you do.”亚基帕王啊,你信先知吗?我知道你信。” 【徒26:27】
Peter asked her, “Tell me, is this the price you and Ananias got for the land?”彼得问她:“你们卖田地的钱就这么多吗?【徒5:8】
Then the high priest asked Stephen, “Are these charges true?”大祭司问:“这些指控都是真的吗?”【徒7:1】
Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’难道你要杀我,像昨天杀那埃及人吗?【徒7:28】
Has not my hand made all these things?这一切不都是我手所造的吗?【徒7:50】
All those who heard him were astonished and asked, “Isn’t he the man who raised havoc in Jerusalem among those who call on this name?凡听见的人,都惊奇说,在耶路撒冷残害求告这名的,不是这人吗?【徒9:21】
He asked the commander, “May I say something to you?”他对千夫长说,我对你说句话,可以不可以?【徒21:37】
二、特殊疑问句( Special or Wh-Questions)
五个以 W 开头的特殊疑问词分别是 who, what, when, where 和 why。不过要注意的是,how 和以 how 开头的一些短语引导的疑问句也属于特殊疑问句。这类疑问句,需要将用特殊疑问词来替代相应的句子成分,而且我们通常还需要将单词顺序倒装。
例如:“Men of Galilee,” they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky?说:“加利利人啊!你们为什么站在这里望着天空呢?【徒1:11】
Why should any of you consider it incredible that God raises the dead?上帝叫死人复活,你们为什么认为不可信呢?【徒26:8】
Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit and have kept for yourself some of the money you received for the land?彼得说:“亚拿尼亚,你为什么让撒旦充满你的心,欺骗圣灵,私自留下一些卖地的钱呢?【徒5:3】
What made you think of doing such a thing? You have not lied just to human beings but to God.”你怎么心里起这意念呢?你不是欺哄人,是欺哄神了。【徒5:4】
Peter said to her, “How could you conspire to test the Spirit of the Lord?彼得说:“你们二人怎么串通起来试探主的灵呢?【徒5:9】
Now then, why do you try to test God by putting on the necks of Gentiles a yoke that neither we nor our ancestors have been able to bear?现在为什么试探神,要把我们祖宗和我们所不能负的轭,放在门徒的颈项上呢?【徒15:10】
‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’扫罗!扫罗!你为什么迫害我?【徒26:14】
“Then I asked, ‘Who are you, Lord?’我说,‘主啊,你是谁?【徒26:15]
They said. “What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”或是天使,对他说过话,怎么样呢?【徒23:9】
针对主语构建特殊疑问句非常简单,只需用特殊疑问词来替换主语。
例如:“But the man who was mistreating the other pushed Moses aside and said, ‘Who made you ruler and judge over us? 不料那个欺负人的推开摩西说,‘谁立你做我们的首领和审判官?【徒7:27】
Who can speak of his descendants? 谁能明白那个世代呢?【徒8:33】
What can stand in the way of my being baptized?”这里有水,我受洗有什么妨碍呢?【徒8:36】
假设我们要对宾语提问,也一样要用特殊疑问词进行替换。
例如:“who was I to think that I could stand in God’s way?”我是谁,能拦阻神呢?【徒11:17】
As John was completing his work, he said: ‘Who do you suppose I am?约翰将行尽他的程途说,你们以为我是谁?【徒13:25】
He then brought them out and asked, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?” 又领他们出来说,二位先生,我当怎样行才可以得救?【徒16:30】
三、选择疑问句( Choice Questions)
选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。前一部分是个一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,后面加上or提供给对方另一个条件,让对方根据实际情况进行选择回答。前者读升调,后者读降调。
例如:The eunuch asked Philip, “Tell me, please, who is the prophet talking about, himself or someone else?”太监对腓利说,请问先知说这话,是指着谁,是指着自己呢?是指着别人呢?【徒8:34】
四、反义疑问句(Disjunctive or Tag Questions)
反义疑问句是加在句子后面的简单问句,用于确认或者核实你对某件事的理解是否正确。构建反义疑问句时是将句子中使用的动词/助动词/情态动词的反义形式用来提问。如果动词是肯定的(比如“is”),我们就要用否定形式(“isn’t”)来提问。基本构成如下:[句子] + , + [句子中所用动词的反义形式] + [主语代词]?注意,反义疑问句通常用的都是缩写,也就是说要用“isn’t”和“aren’t”,而不用“is not”和“are not”。另外还要注意怎样用主语代词来替换主语。上面的例句分别是用“he”和“they”来替换“father”和“the students”。如果句子里没有助动词,构建反义疑问句时就要用到“do”。
例如:It belonged to you before it was sold, didn’t it? And after it was sold, the money was at your disposal, wasn’t it?
田地还没有卖,不是你自己的吗?既卖了,价银不是你作主吗?【徒5:4】
五、 礼貌性的间接疑问句
有时候直接疑问句可能听起来很生硬或者不够友好,特别是在向他人寻求帮助或者在和不熟悉的人打交道时会显得有些突兀。更礼貌、更友好的提问方式可以选择——也就是间接疑问句。很简单:只需在直接疑问句前面加上“Could you please tell me…”或者“Do you know…”等类似的短语。
例如:Then Philip ran up to the chariot and heard the man reading Isaiah the prophet. “Do you understand what you are reading?” Philip asked. 腓利跑上前,听见太监在诵读以赛亚先知的书,就问:“你明白所读的经文吗?”【徒8:30】
参考:
疑问句大全:https://wenku.baidu.com/view/71450fea551810a6f524864e.html
英语疑问句构建指南:https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english-chi/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD-%E7%96%91%E9%97%AE%E5%8F%A5/