第九课 -介词的一些特点和用法

 　英语的词性大约有10种，名词n.，副词adv.，介词prep，代词pron，数词num，动词v，形容词adj，冠词art，连词conj，感叹词interj，及物动词vt，不及物动词vi，助动词vaux，缩写abbr，动词不定式inf.，单数sing，复数pl，情态动词aux.。不同的词性代表着不同的意思，用法不一。 我们回顾一下介词的特点、和常见的一些介词短语。

在英语中，介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。它在句中不能单独作句子成分，后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语。介词主要分为简单介词和复杂介词两大类，复杂介词可以包含两个、三个甚至四个单词，分别简称为“双词介词”、“三词介词”和“四词介词”。

一、简单介词：

1.表示地点：at ,in, on, to, above, over,below, under, beside, behind , between

2.表示时间：in , on，at, after, from, since for, behind

3.表示运动：across, through, past, to, towards, onto, into, up, down

4.表示进行：at, under, on

5.表示其他：on, about, by, with, in

二、复杂介词：

1.双词介词：指由两个单词构成的复杂介词。

 according to 按照     irrespective of 不顾   ahead of 在...之前           owing to 由于 but for 要不是                

 together with 与...一起   prior to 在...之前      as for 至于   save for 除了                   what with 由于

in advance 事前 in place 适当地 in force 有效的，大批 　　in depth 彻底地

in retrospect 回顾，一想起 in word 口头上 in vain 无益地, 白白地　　 in case 如果，万一，以防

in detail 详细地　　in haste 急急忙忙地 　　in conclusion 总之 in return 作为回报

in doubt 怀疑　　 in love 恋爱中　　 in debt 负债　　 in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

in hesitation 犹豫不决　　 in wonder 在惊奇中　　 in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)

in alarm 惊慌、担心 at zero 在零度

2.三词介词：指由三个单词构成的复杂介词。

  in line with 与...一致          in place of 代替   for lack of 因缺少              in return for 对...的回报

  by way of 经由，作为        on account of 由于  by force of 凭借               with respect to 关于

in a word 总之　　　　in the meantime 与此同时　　　in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望

in connection with 和……有关　　in contact with 和……联系　　in addition to 除......以外

in case of 倘若，万一　　 in conflict with 和......冲突　　 in regard to 关于

on behalf of 代表......利益　　in the least 一点，丝毫 　in one's opinion 在……看来

in spite of 尽管 　　in other words... 换句话说 　　be confident in 对......有信心　　

be interested in 对......感兴趣　　in a good humour 心情(情绪)好 at full speed 全速

3.四词介词：指由四个单词构成的复杂介词。

for the purpose of 为了...的目的         at the mercy of 受...的摆布    for the sake of 为了                          

in the care of 由...照管   in the teeth of 不顾，逆着                  on the eve of 在...的前夕

 on the ground of 根据            on the part of 在...方面    to the exclusion of 把...排除在外          

with an eye to 为了    under the auspices of 在...的支持下       under the guise of 在...的幌子下

at a good price 高价 　　 at a low cost 低成本　　 at a great cost 花了很大代价

at that time 在当时 in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近　 in the opinion of 据……见解　　

in the long run 从长远说来　in the name of 以......名义

三、圣经中的例句（可以找出非常多）：注意下面的黑体字

【徒11：1-3】The apostles and the believers throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles also had received the word of God. So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers criticized him and said, “You went into the house of uncircumcised men and ate with them.”使徒和犹太全境的弟兄姊妹都听说外族人接受了上帝的道。 彼得一回到耶路撒冷，严守割礼的门徒就指责他： “你竟然去未受割礼之人的家，还和他们一同吃饭！”

【徒11：15-18】“As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit came on them as he had come on us at the beginning. “我开口讲话时，圣灵降在他们身上，跟当初降在我们身上的情形一模一样。16Then I remembered what the Lord had said: ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’ 我就想起主的话，‘约翰用水施洗，但你们要受圣灵的洗礼。’17So if God gave them the same gift he gave us who believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I to think that I could stand in God’s way?”既然上帝给他们恩赐，就如我们信主耶稣基督时给我们一样，我是谁，怎能拦阻上帝？18When they heard this, they had no further objections and praised God, saying, “So then, even to Gentiles God has granted repentance that leads to life.”大家听了便安静下来，转而归荣耀给上帝，说：“如此看来，上帝把悔改得永生的机会也赐给了外族人。”

【徒12：7 -9】Suddenly an angel of the Lord appeared and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him up. “Quick, get up!” he said, and the chains fell off Peter’s wrists.忽然，有一位主的天使站在彼得身旁，监牢内一片光明，天使拍他的肋旁，把他叫醒，说：“赶快起来！”铁链就从他手上脱落下来。8 Then the angel said to him, “Put on your clothes and sandals.” And Peter did so. “Wrap your cloak around you and follow me,” the angel told him. 天使对他说：“束上腰带，穿好鞋子。”彼得一一照办。天使又说：“披上外衣，跟我来！” 9 Peter followed him out of the prison他跟着天使走出牢房。

【徒13：3 】So after they had fasted and prayed, they placed their hands on them and sent them off. 4The two of them, sent on their way by the Holy Spirit, went down to Seleucia and sailed from there to Cyprus.于是，他们禁食祷告并把手按在巴拿巴和扫罗身上，然后差遣他们出去。二人受圣灵差遣，下到西流基，从那里乘船去塞浦路斯。

【徒14：19 -20 】Then some Jews came from Antioch and Iconium and won the crowd over. They stoned Paul and dragged him outside the city, thinking he was dead. But after the disciples had gathered around him, he got up and went back into the city. The next day he and Barnabas left for Derbe.有些犹太人从安提阿和以哥念来煽动民众，他们用石头打保罗，以为他死了，就把他拖到城外。当门徒围过来看他的时候，他站了起来，走回城里。第二天，保罗和巴拿巴前往特庇。

【徒15:7-9】 After much discussion, Peter got up and addressed them: “Brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you that the Gentiles might hear from my lips the message of the gospel and believe. 经过许多辩论之后，彼得站起来对大家说：“弟兄们，你们都知道，上帝早已在你们当中拣选我去向外族人传道，让他们也可以听到福音并信主。8God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. 洞悉人心的上帝把圣灵赐给他们，正如赐给我们一样，以表明祂也接纳外族人。He did not discriminate between us and them, for he purified their hearts by faith. 上帝对他们和我们一视同仁，祂因他们的信心而洁净了他们的心灵。

参考：

英语介词大全：https://www.hjenglish.com/new/p800284/

英语语法：介词搭配大全：http://yingyu.xdf.cn/201212/9251702_2.html