英语学习第十六课 -谈谈英语的并列句
英语有简单句、并列句和复合句,简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并列句是两个或两个以上的简单句,用连词连接起来。复合句分为并列复合句compound sentence(也称并列句)和主从或从属复合句complex sentence(也称复杂句)。我们先看看并列句和并列复合句。
并列句和并列复合句两者的区别就是并列复合句中连词连接的不是简单句,而是复合句。所谓并列复合句,就是指并列句中的两个分句中又内含从句,或者说就是含有复合句的并列句。如:
The policeman looked at me suspiciously. 那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我。(简单句)
He asked me what I wanted. 他问我要干什么。(复合句,其中的的 what 引导宾语从句)
The policeman looked at me suspiciously, and he asked me what I wanted. 那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我,于是问我要干什么。(并列复合句;and 连接两个分句构成并列句,但 and 后面又是一个含有宾语从句的复合句)
并列句之间有顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系,常用的连接词有:
1.表示顺承关系的:and, not only…but also(不仅….而且….)等。
She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties.
注:Not only…but also是英语中比较常见的一个关联词组,用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者。它的意思是“不仅 … 而且 ...”;其中的also有时可以省略。可以连接主语、谓语动词、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语、连接从句。连接句子时,not only 可以置于句首表示强调,这时第一分句要采用倒装结构
Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, and at last she succeeded.
圣经中的例子:
Therefore, it is necessary to submit to the authorities, not only because of possible punishment but also as a matter of conscience.所以,你们必须服从,不单是为了避免受到惩罚,也是为了良心无愧。(Romans罗马书13:5)
But I will come to you very soon, if the Lord is willing, and then I will find out not only how these arrogant people are talking, but what power they have. 我会很快去你们那里。那时我要看看这些骄傲的人究竟是只会空谈,还是真有上帝的权能。(1 Corinth林前 4:19)
2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or(还是,否则)
Do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later?
Wear your coat, or you’ll catch a cold.
圣经中的例子:
What do you prefer? Shall I come to you with a rod of discipline, or shall I come in love and with a gentle spirit? 到底你们要什么呢?要我带着刑杖去呢?还是要我带着温柔慈爱的心去呢?(1 Corinth林前 4:20)
3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。
He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻,但工作努力。
圣经中的例子:
My conscience is clear, but that does not make me innocent.就算我今日问心无愧,也不能自以为义. (1 Corinth林前 4:4)
Jews demand signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.犹太人要看神迹,希腊人寻求智慧,但我们传讲被钉十字架的基督。这对犹太人来说是绊脚石,对外族人来说是愚昧的。(1 Corinth林前 4:22-23)
For my part, even though I am not physically present, I am with you in spirit.现在,我虽然身在远方,心却在你们那里。(1 Corinth林前5:3)
4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。
My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼,因此我去看医生。
圣经中的例子:
He will also keep you firm to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.我们的主耶稣基督必扶持你们到底,使你们在祂再来的日子无可指责。(1 Corinth林前1:8)
I thank God that I did not baptize any of you except Crispus and Gaius, so no one can say that you were baptized in my name.感谢上帝,除了基利司布和该犹以外,我没有为你们任何人施洗. (1 Corinth林前1:14-15)
参考:
英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析:https://www.jianshu.com/p/164eff8e3953 (简书)