英语学习第二十二课 - 谈谈复合句中的方式状语从句
状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 是指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 我们将逐个讲解,本周将谈谈状语从句中的方式状语从句。
方式状语从句(adverbial clauses of manner)
定义:多用来谈论某人的行为或者做某事的方式。方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though, by, with引导,。其他的引导词(in) the way (that), 口语常用的like
分类
1)由as, (just) as…so…引导
as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:
如:Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
圣经中的例子:
加拉太书 1:9 As we have already said, so now I say again: If anybody is preaching to you a gospel other than what you accepted, let them be under God’s curse! (正如)我们已经说过,现在我再说一次:如果有人向你们传别的福音,跟你们以前接受的不同,那人该受咒诅。
加拉太书 2:7-8 On the contrary, they recognized that I had been entrusted with the task of preaching the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised. For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. 反倒看见了主托我传福音给那未受割礼的人,正如托彼得传福音给那受割礼的人。(那感动彼得,叫他为受割礼之人作使徒的,也感动我,叫我为外邦人作使徒)
加拉太书 3:15 Just as no one can set aside or add to a human covenant that has been duly established, so it is in this case. (正如)若已经立定了,就没有能废弃或加增的。
加拉太书 5:21 I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God. (正如)我从前警告过你们,现在再一次警告你们:行这些事的人必不能承受上帝的国。
2)由as if, as though引导
•as if 和as though 引导的从句中的时态取决于说话者对所谈内容的态度。若说话者认为其看法是真的或可能会成为事实,从句谓语就按常规变化。
如:He looks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像生气了。
•如果从句的内容是不真实的,是与事实相反的,从句的谓语时态要用虚拟语气。主句谓语用一般现在时态,对从句的谓语形式没有影响。
如:They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
圣经中的例子:
加拉太书 4:13-14 As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you, and even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. (正如)你们知道我头一次传福音给你们,是因为身体有疾病。你们为我身体的缘故受试炼,没有轻看我,也没有厌弃我。反倒接待我,如同神的使者,如同基督耶稣。
加拉太书 6:11 See what large letters I use as I write to you with my own hand! 你们看,我亲手写给你们的字是多么大啊
参考:
英语状语从句:https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5
方式状语从句:https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5