英语学习第十九课 - 谈谈复合句中的原因状语从句
状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 我们将逐个讲解，本周将谈谈状语从句中的原因状语从句。
1. 原因状语从句（Adverbial Clause of Cause）定义：在句中用来说明主句原因的从句。
如：The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因为洗涤的方法不好而缩水。
2. 原因状语从句常用引导词：
because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, when（既然）, seeing (that) （由于，鉴于）, considering (that)（考虑到）, for（为）, given (that) （考虑到）等。
3. because, since,as和for的区别
3.1 because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面，because从句位于句首时要用逗号分开，放在句末时，可不用逗号分开。because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答why引导的疑问句。
注意：because 和so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。
I do it because I like it. = I like it so I do it.
We went by bus because it was cheaper. = It was cheaper so we went by bus.
He can’t go to school because of his illness.
圣经中的例子：
Because I was confident of this, I wanted to visit you first so that you might benefit twice. 我有这样的把握，所以早就计划去你们那里，使你们有两次蒙福的机会。（林后1：15）
because of 也表示原因，但它后面不接从句, 只能接名词, 代词或动名词。
圣经中的例子：
Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, transitory though it was。这最终带来死亡、刻在石版上的律法条文的事工尚且有荣耀，甚至使摩西的脸上发出荣光，尽管很快就消逝了，以色列人仍然无法定睛看他（林后3：7）
3.2 since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”= now that )， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.
Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
圣经中的例子：
Therefore, since we have such a hope, we are very bold. 我们因为有这极大的盼望，就放胆无惧（林后3：12）
Therefore, since through God’s mercy we have this ministry, we do not lose heart. 我们既蒙怜悯，接受了这传福音的职分，就决不气馁。（林后4：1）
So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen, since what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal. 我们注重的，并非看得见的事物，而是看不见的事物，因为看得见的事物都是暂时的，看不见的事物才是永恒的。（林后4：18）
3.3 as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，含有对比说明的意味，语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
As you are tired, you had better rest.
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
4) for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.
For we know that if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, not built by human hands. 我们知道，我们的身体好比是地上的帐篷，如果毁坏了，我们就从上帝那里得到一个住处，不是人手造的，而是天上永恒的“房屋”。（林后1：1）
圣经中的例子Because
1.I still had no peace of mind, because I did not find my brother Titus there. So I said goodbye to them and went on to Macedonia. 那时，因为没有找到提多弟兄，我心里不安，便辞别众人来到马其顿。【林后2:13]
2.It has not been removed, because only in Christ is it taken away. 因为只有在基督里，那帕子才能被除去。【林后3：14】
3.Since we have that same spirit of faith, we also believe and therefore speak, because we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus from the dead will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you to himself. 我们知道，使主耶稣复活的上帝必使我们与耶稣一同复活，并且使我们和你们一起站在祂面前。【林后4：13】
4. Meanwhile we groan, longing to be clothed instead with our heavenly dwelling, because when we are clothed, we will not be found naked. 我们在这地上的“帐篷”里叹息，渴望早日迁进那天上的“房屋”，好像更换衣服一样。 【林后5：2】
圣经中的例子for
1.For what we preach is not ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake. For God, who said, “Let light shine out of darkness,” made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ. 我们并非传扬自己，而是传扬耶稣基督是主，并且为耶稣的缘故而做你们的奴仆。 因为那吩咐光从黑暗中照射出来的上帝光照了我们的心，为要让我们认识上帝在耶稣基督的面容上所彰显的荣耀。(林后4：5）
2. For we who are alive are always being given over to death for Jesus’ sake, so that his life may also be revealed in our mortal body. So then, death is at work in us, but life is at work in you. 因为我们这些活着的人常常为耶稣的缘故而面临死亡的威胁，好使耶稣的生命在我们这终有一死的肉身上彰显出来。 因此，死亡笼罩着我们，而生命却运行在你们身上。（林后4：10-12）
3.For we live by faith, not by sight. 因为我们行事为人，是凭对上帝的信心，不是凭眼见。(林后5：7）
4.For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each of us may receive what is due us for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad. 因为我们所有的人都要出现在基督的审判台前，好按照各人在肉身之时所行的善恶接受赏罚。（林后5:10)
参考：
英语状语从句：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5
原因状语从句：https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E7%8A%B6%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5#1